Cultural studies in Practice

 Cultural Studies in Practice with the example of Hamlet, Frankenstein, and To His Coy Mistress 

Cultural studies: Introduction

Cultural studies is like taking a closer look at our everyday life and figuring out why things are the way they are. It's about exploring how people live, what they believe in, and how they express themselves. Imagine it as a way to understand the stories, traditions, and habits that make a group of people who they are.

In simple terms, cultural studies is like putting on a detective hat to investigate how different aspects of a society – like movies, music, food, and even fashion – influence and reflect the way people think and act. It's about asking questions like, "Why do we do things this way?" or "How do stories and art shape our opinions?"

By studying culture, we learn more about ourselves and others. It helps us see the world through different perspectives and appreciate the rich tapestry of ideas and customs that make each community unique. So, cultural studies is basically a way of exploring the fascinating puzzle of human life and the things that make each culture special.

Why it's considered interdisciplinary?

(Generated in Chat GPT Prompt: How Cultural Studies is Interdisciplinary?)

Combination of Disciplines: 

Cultural studies doesn't stick to the methods and theories of just one discipline. It borrows tools and perspectives from multiple fields to get a more comprehensive understanding of culture.

Holistic Approach: 

It looks at culture as a whole, considering everything from art and literature to everyday practices, social structures, and power dynamics. This holistic approach requires insights from different disciplines.

Critical Examination: 

Cultural studies often involves a critical examination of power relations, social structures, and historical contexts. This requires insights from sociology, history, and political science.

Media and Communication involve :

The study of media and communication is a significant part of cultural studies. Understanding how media shapes culture involves knowledge from communication studies, journalism, and sometimes even psychology.

Literary and Textual Analysis: 

Cultural studies often involves analyzing texts—whether they are literary works, movies, advertisements, or any other form of expression. This brings in elements of literary studies, film studies, and semiotics.

Social and Anthropological Perspectives: 

Cultural studies examines how people live and interact, which involves insights from sociology and anthropology. It considers cultural practices in their social contexts.

By combining insights from these diverse fields, cultural studies aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of how culture operates and influences society. It recognizes that culture is complex and multifaceted, and no single discipline can capture its richness. 

This interdisciplinary approach allows researchers to explore and analyze cultural phenomena from various angles, contributing to a more comprehensive and holistic understanding.

Cultural Studies in Practice

Brief introduction of 'Hamlet': 

"Hamlet" is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare around the year 1600. The story revolves around Prince Hamlet of Denmark, who is deeply affected by the sudden death of his father, King Hamlet. As Hamlet seeks to uncover the truth behind his father's death, he grapples with complex emotions, moral dilemmas, and the consequences of revenge. The play explores themes of betrayal, madness, mortality, and the corrupting nature of power. "Hamlet" is renowned for its intricate plot, rich characterizations, and profound exploration of the human condition.

With the Lens of cultural studies:

From a cultural studies perspective, examining characters like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in "Hamlet" allows us to explore power dynamics and social structures. These two characters, often portrayed as Hamlet's friends and fellow students, can be seen as representing the marginalized individuals in society. In cultural studies, we look at how power operates not only in grand political schemes but also in everyday interactions and relationships.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, as characters, are often at the periphery of the main action. They are used by Claudius, the new king of Denmark, as pawns in a political game. This can be analyzed through a cultural lens to understand how individuals, even those close to power, may find themselves marginalized and manipulated for political purposes. Their role exemplifies the ways in which cultural and social structures can shape the fates of individuals, especially those who are not in positions of authority.

In the scene where Claudius talks to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, their interactions can be seen as a reflection of broader power dynamics in the play. Claudius, as the king, holds a position of authority, and his discussions with these characters illustrate how those in power can use relationships and friendships to achieve their political objectives. From a cultural studies perspective, this scene prompts us to consider the impact of power on personal relationships and how individuals navigate their roles within a larger cultural and political context. It opens up questions about loyalty, manipulation, and the consequences of being on the margins of power structures in society.

Brief introduction of 'To His Coy Mistress':

"To His Coy Mistress" is a metaphysical poem written by Andrew Marvell in the 17th century. The poem is a passionate plea from the speaker to his reserved lover, urging her to seize the moment and embrace their love before time runs out. Marvell employs vivid imagery and persuasive arguments to convey the urgency of their romantic connection and the transience of life. The poem explores themes of love, time, and mortality, showcasing Marvell's mastery of language and his ability to blend intellectual depth with emotional intensity in a relatively short piece.

With the Lens of cultural studies:

In the context of cultural studies, the analysis of "To His Coy Mistress" takes a closer look at the cultural background and historical context in which the poem was written. The speaker's extensive knowledge of literary traditions, references to classical works, and playful imitation of various conventions suggest a cultural environment rich in intellectual and artistic influences.

Cultural studies shed light on the social and cultural milieu of the 17th century, revealing the speaker's awareness of classical literature, religious texts, and philosophical ideas. The references to Greek and Roman classics, medieval courtly love, Biblical themes, and the works of Renaissance poets indicate a cultural tapestry that the speaker assumes his audience shares.

The poem's silence on the harsh realities of life, such as the prevalent diseases like syphilis and major historical events like the Great Plague, reflects a cultural tendency to focus on more pleasant aspects and perhaps a deliberate avoidance of discussing challenging topics. Cultural studies, by bringing attention to these omissions, highlights the selective nature of cultural discourse and the ways in which individuals, even in their poetic expressions, may choose to overlook or downplay certain aspects of their reality.

Moreover, the assumption that the lady addressed in the poem is also educated and shares the speaker's understanding of literary references and humor speaks to a cultural context where education and cultural literacy were valued. The poem, therefore, becomes a reflection not only of individual desires but also of the shared cultural knowledge and expectations of its time.

Cultural studies, in this context, serves as a key to unlocking the cultural codes embedded in the poem. It reveals the societal norms, intellectual trends, and cultural sensibilities that shape the speaker's perspective and the dynamics between the characters. Through this lens, the analysis broadens our understanding of the poem, emphasizing the interconnectedness of literature, culture, and the historical context in which they emerge.

Brief introduction of "Frankenstein":

"Frankenstein" is a novel written by Mary Shelley and was first published in 1818. The story revolves around Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who becomes obsessed with the idea of creating life. He successfully brings a creature to life, but horrified by its monstrous appearance, he rejects and abandons it. The creature, in turn, faces rejection and isolation from society, leading to tragic consequences. "Frankenstein" is often considered one of the earliest examples of science fiction and gothic literature, exploring themes of morality, the consequences of playing god, and the impact of societal rejection. Mary Shelley's work has had a profound influence on popular culture, and the character of Frankenstein's monster has become an iconic figure in horror literature.

With the Lens of cultural studies:

Analyzing "Frankenstein" through the lens of cultural studies reveals its multifaceted relevance and impact on various cultural, social, and political dimensions.

Revolutionary Births:

The novel's themes of creation and rebellion align with the revolutionary spirit of its time. The ever-changing interpretations of "Frankenstein" reflect its adaptability to different cultural contexts, addressing contemporary concerns such as consumerism, genetic engineering, and political cautionary tales.

The enduring presence of Frankenstein in popular culture, from political rhetoric to discussions on scientific advancements, showcases its ability to resonate with and comment on ongoing societal changes.

The Creature as Proletarian:

Mary Shelley's personal experiences and the socio-political climate of her era are embedded in the character of the Creature. The Creature's complexity reflects the author's own struggles and the societal tensions of the time.

The Creature's rejection by society despite its education and good ideas parallels the challenges faced by marginalized groups. It becomes a symbol of the "other," challenging societal norms and expectations.

'A Race of Devils':

The symbolism of the Creature's yellow skin in "Frankenstein" represents broader fears of outsiders and those perceived as different, echoing prejudices prevalent in the 19th century.

The novel engages with the racial and colonial discourse of its time, challenging ideas about superiority and Othering. This perspective offers insights into the social and political implications of the novel.

From Natural Philosophy to Cyborg:

"Frankenstein" remains relevant in the contemporary era of genetic engineering and cloning. The novel's roots in the shift from natural philosophy to biology resonate with ongoing debates about the ethical implications of scientific advancements.

Mary Shelley's exposure to experiments with electricity and discussions on the nature of life influenced the novel. Today, the book's exploration of scientific ambition and its consequences finds parallels in debates surrounding genetic manipulation and reproductive technologies.

In essence, cultural studies provide a comprehensive framework to understand "Frankenstein" not only as a literary work but also as a cultural artifact that reflects and influences societal attitudes, fears, and aspirations across different historical periods. Through this lens, the novel becomes a dynamic and enduring commentary on the intersections of science, power, and societal norms.

Conclusion:

Cultural study in practice reveals the intricate interplay of beliefs, traditions, and behaviors shaping societies. By delving into diverse cultures, we gain invaluable insights into human experiences, fostering empathy, understanding, and a shared global perspective crucial for fostering harmony in an interconnected world.

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Creation of Creature Frankenstein 

This blog is in response to questions that were assigned by Yesha Ma'am. (Task 2)

[ Tast 1 Click here for Movie Review of Frankenstein ]

Source of image : iStock 

• Why was Victor not able to accept his dream experiment and its results ?

In the novel Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the dangers involved with blind ambition and the craving to surpass former limitations are depicted through the actions of the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, and his inability to remain responsible and in control of the monster that he creates. These dangers are shown, first when Frankenstein, in his ignorance, creates the monster, and again later on, when the monster kills his brother and Frankenstein fails to act accordingly. 

Victor creates the monster in hopes of achieving glory and remembrance through his contributions to scientific advancement.

However, he does not ever consider the many implications

involved with the creation of life. In his endeavours to create the monster, he takes on the role of a God, but fails as a creator of life in being accountable and managing his creations. 

In Christianity, God is said to remain responsible to those who he creates, such as Adam, Eve and Satan, who resemble Frankenstein’s creation.

• What made Creature a Monster ?

Victor does not think about possible results of his experiments. He does not think what will happen when he finally succeeds and creates a living creature. He is severely punished by his attitude when the creature created by him turns into a monster. The author illustrates that the guilt for murders can not be put only on Frankenstein’s creation. Society and social norms finally result in feelings of loneliness and estrangement.

 “The monster complains that his maker and mankind are moving his nature from goodness and benevolence to wrath and violence. He attempts the company of men and is rejected with horror, fear and abuse”

Victor Frankenstein is driven by his ambition when he creates his monster. He does not think about the consequences but rather experiments: “One of the phenomena which had peculiarly attracted my attention was the structure of the human frame, and, indeed, any animal endued with life”.

Victor does not think about the feelings of the creature he produces. He is concerned only with scientific tools which give him control and power. “Frankenstein so beautifully explores the consequences of living and working in isolation. After cloistering himself to bring dead flesh to life, Victor Frankenstein condemns his creature to loneliness. The creature does the same to him in revenge. Solitude makes monsters of both”.

Victor creates a monster but he doesn't understand the true meaning of his actions.

Loneliness and alienation is one of the main themes of the novel. It is notable that all main characters of the novel experience feelings of loneliness and alienation. 

The Monster, Victor and Walton experience these feelings. Victor Frankenstein does not have good relations with his family. He does not keep in touch with his father and sister despite they really want to have good relations with him. The author describes in great detail good relations in Victor’s family and their desire to keep in touch with Victor. 

Despite this fact Victor does not make any attempt to support any relations with his family. He dedicates all time and effort to science but it does not bring him enough moral satisfaction. Victor can not find the way out for his negative feelings and uses since and experiment as a way to entertain himself and to get rid of loneliness. The author uses the old theme of Faust when the search for technical progress and scientific advances results in the loss of humanity. Victor does not possess feelings of love and compassion.

The creature created by Victor turns into a monster because it can not find understanding and compassion in the society. People do not give the creature any chances only because it looks terrible to them.

• Who is suffering from Deformity in the novel ?

The concept  of  deformity  in Mary   Shelley's Novel, by analysing its link to malice in the book and in history, aiming to deny it. 

When he tries to approach people, everyone rejects him. His terrible  look is the first thing people see when they meet him and that is what provokes fear in them. The monster hopes that he can have a better life with the DeLacey family, the people who live in the house near where he  hides. The  creature, aware of  their possible rejection,  analyses the situation and thinks that he can introduce himself to the old blind man. He is considered the link between the monster’s loneliness and a possible long-lasting friendship full of love. Mistrusts its communicative skills, because the only thing the monster can do with the oldman is to talk. For these reasons, he waits until the man remains alone.As the monster had thought, the old man cannot judge him for his appearance.

They start a conversation that could have led to what the monster wanted. Unfortunately, when the other family members return home, they have the same reaction that other people have when they see him.   Necessarily he escapes and decides that there is no future for him in this human world. He knows that he cannot share his life with a normal woman.

He needs someone in his same situation, with a similar deformed body. In fact, he asks Victor to create a female-monster. This is not just a solution the monster is asking for his sadness, but also the consequence of his experience and knowledge of human beings.

• Who decides what beauty is ? Is it for real or Superficial ?

If you ask most people what they find beautiful about a person, many of them will probably begin to describe someone's physical characteristics. It usually goes something like this: "I like big eyes, long hair, muscles, and etc.

Rarely do you hear someone reply, "What makes someone beautiful to me is their generosity, courage, kindness, and sense of humour."

It's also important to point out that beauty ideals have changed throughout time.

wildly different every era's gender ideals have been for women. For example, during the Italian Renaissance and Victorian England, the perfect woman was slightly overweight and had very pale skin.

it's all what a culture socially agrees upon as the perfect definition of "beauty." There are even many different beauty standards across the world today.

'Beauty Lies in the eyes of the Beholder’

What this quote is trying to say is that unless you are considered beautiful by the people/society looking at you, you will not be considered beautiful. This is because society has set certain standards of beauty that are followed by most of the population.

Inner Beauty doesn’t have an expiry date :

Unlike external beauty that is dependent on your biological appearance, inner beauty has the potential to keep getting better with age.

“Sometimes people are beautiful. Not in looks. Not in what they say. Just in what they are.”

― Markus Zusak

Not many know beauty isn’t about having a perfect face. It’s about having a pretty mind, a pretty heart and most importantly a beautiful soul. Even the imperfections have beauty that is not in looks but in what they do.

• Villain in Frankenstein:

At first glance, the monster in Frankenstein is a symbol of evil, whose only desire is to ruin lives. He has been called "A creature that wreaks havoc by destroying innocent lives often without remorse. He can be viewed as the antagonist, the element Victor must overcome to restore balance and tranquillity to the world." But after the novel is looked at on different levels, one becomes aware that the creature wasn't responsible for his actions, and was just a victim of circumstance. The real villain of Frankenstein isn't the creature, but rather his creator, Victor.

When Victor created the creature, he didn't take responsibility for it. He abandoned it, and left it to fend for itself. It is unfair to bring something into the world, and then not teach it how to survive.

In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, society continually regards Victor's creation as a monster, both physically and psychologically.  Though the being has the physical characteristics of a monster, it is only after he is repeatedly rejected by society that he adopts the personality and behaviour of a monster. Thus, society plays a large role in shaping the monster's personality and behaviour.  Because society expects him to act like a monster, he inevitably becomes one.  The being is clearly a victim of a self-fulfilling prophecy.

From the very beginning the being was misjudged, because of his appearance.

The monster confesses,"My heart was fashioned to be susceptible of love and sympathy; and, when wrenched by misery to vice and hatred, it did not endure the violence of the change, without torture such as you cannot imagine".

The danger of a self-fulfilling prophecy is that people become that which they originally were not. As a result, they are unable to live with the person that they have become. The being was not a monster on the inside initially. As the monster says, "I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend".

Creature repeated rejections and his intense loneliness lead him to commit acts which he never thought himself capable of committing. Society's expectations are fulfilled, but at the expense of the creature's soul.

[Words 1552]