Cultural studies in Practice

 Cultural Studies in Practice with the example of Hamlet, Frankenstein, and To His Coy Mistress 

Cultural studies: Introduction

Cultural studies is like taking a closer look at our everyday life and figuring out why things are the way they are. It's about exploring how people live, what they believe in, and how they express themselves. Imagine it as a way to understand the stories, traditions, and habits that make a group of people who they are.

In simple terms, cultural studies is like putting on a detective hat to investigate how different aspects of a society – like movies, music, food, and even fashion – influence and reflect the way people think and act. It's about asking questions like, "Why do we do things this way?" or "How do stories and art shape our opinions?"

By studying culture, we learn more about ourselves and others. It helps us see the world through different perspectives and appreciate the rich tapestry of ideas and customs that make each community unique. So, cultural studies is basically a way of exploring the fascinating puzzle of human life and the things that make each culture special.

Why it's considered interdisciplinary?

(Generated in Chat GPT Prompt: How Cultural Studies is Interdisciplinary?)

Combination of Disciplines: 

Cultural studies doesn't stick to the methods and theories of just one discipline. It borrows tools and perspectives from multiple fields to get a more comprehensive understanding of culture.

Holistic Approach: 

It looks at culture as a whole, considering everything from art and literature to everyday practices, social structures, and power dynamics. This holistic approach requires insights from different disciplines.

Critical Examination: 

Cultural studies often involves a critical examination of power relations, social structures, and historical contexts. This requires insights from sociology, history, and political science.

Media and Communication involve :

The study of media and communication is a significant part of cultural studies. Understanding how media shapes culture involves knowledge from communication studies, journalism, and sometimes even psychology.

Literary and Textual Analysis: 

Cultural studies often involves analyzing texts—whether they are literary works, movies, advertisements, or any other form of expression. This brings in elements of literary studies, film studies, and semiotics.

Social and Anthropological Perspectives: 

Cultural studies examines how people live and interact, which involves insights from sociology and anthropology. It considers cultural practices in their social contexts.

By combining insights from these diverse fields, cultural studies aims to provide a more nuanced understanding of how culture operates and influences society. It recognizes that culture is complex and multifaceted, and no single discipline can capture its richness. 

This interdisciplinary approach allows researchers to explore and analyze cultural phenomena from various angles, contributing to a more comprehensive and holistic understanding.

Cultural Studies in Practice

Brief introduction of 'Hamlet': 

"Hamlet" is a tragedy play written by William Shakespeare around the year 1600. The story revolves around Prince Hamlet of Denmark, who is deeply affected by the sudden death of his father, King Hamlet. As Hamlet seeks to uncover the truth behind his father's death, he grapples with complex emotions, moral dilemmas, and the consequences of revenge. The play explores themes of betrayal, madness, mortality, and the corrupting nature of power. "Hamlet" is renowned for its intricate plot, rich characterizations, and profound exploration of the human condition.

With the Lens of cultural studies:

From a cultural studies perspective, examining characters like Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in "Hamlet" allows us to explore power dynamics and social structures. These two characters, often portrayed as Hamlet's friends and fellow students, can be seen as representing the marginalized individuals in society. In cultural studies, we look at how power operates not only in grand political schemes but also in everyday interactions and relationships.

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, as characters, are often at the periphery of the main action. They are used by Claudius, the new king of Denmark, as pawns in a political game. This can be analyzed through a cultural lens to understand how individuals, even those close to power, may find themselves marginalized and manipulated for political purposes. Their role exemplifies the ways in which cultural and social structures can shape the fates of individuals, especially those who are not in positions of authority.

In the scene where Claudius talks to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, their interactions can be seen as a reflection of broader power dynamics in the play. Claudius, as the king, holds a position of authority, and his discussions with these characters illustrate how those in power can use relationships and friendships to achieve their political objectives. From a cultural studies perspective, this scene prompts us to consider the impact of power on personal relationships and how individuals navigate their roles within a larger cultural and political context. It opens up questions about loyalty, manipulation, and the consequences of being on the margins of power structures in society.

Brief introduction of 'To His Coy Mistress':

"To His Coy Mistress" is a metaphysical poem written by Andrew Marvell in the 17th century. The poem is a passionate plea from the speaker to his reserved lover, urging her to seize the moment and embrace their love before time runs out. Marvell employs vivid imagery and persuasive arguments to convey the urgency of their romantic connection and the transience of life. The poem explores themes of love, time, and mortality, showcasing Marvell's mastery of language and his ability to blend intellectual depth with emotional intensity in a relatively short piece.

With the Lens of cultural studies:

In the context of cultural studies, the analysis of "To His Coy Mistress" takes a closer look at the cultural background and historical context in which the poem was written. The speaker's extensive knowledge of literary traditions, references to classical works, and playful imitation of various conventions suggest a cultural environment rich in intellectual and artistic influences.

Cultural studies shed light on the social and cultural milieu of the 17th century, revealing the speaker's awareness of classical literature, religious texts, and philosophical ideas. The references to Greek and Roman classics, medieval courtly love, Biblical themes, and the works of Renaissance poets indicate a cultural tapestry that the speaker assumes his audience shares.

The poem's silence on the harsh realities of life, such as the prevalent diseases like syphilis and major historical events like the Great Plague, reflects a cultural tendency to focus on more pleasant aspects and perhaps a deliberate avoidance of discussing challenging topics. Cultural studies, by bringing attention to these omissions, highlights the selective nature of cultural discourse and the ways in which individuals, even in their poetic expressions, may choose to overlook or downplay certain aspects of their reality.

Moreover, the assumption that the lady addressed in the poem is also educated and shares the speaker's understanding of literary references and humor speaks to a cultural context where education and cultural literacy were valued. The poem, therefore, becomes a reflection not only of individual desires but also of the shared cultural knowledge and expectations of its time.

Cultural studies, in this context, serves as a key to unlocking the cultural codes embedded in the poem. It reveals the societal norms, intellectual trends, and cultural sensibilities that shape the speaker's perspective and the dynamics between the characters. Through this lens, the analysis broadens our understanding of the poem, emphasizing the interconnectedness of literature, culture, and the historical context in which they emerge.

Brief introduction of "Frankenstein":

"Frankenstein" is a novel written by Mary Shelley and was first published in 1818. The story revolves around Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who becomes obsessed with the idea of creating life. He successfully brings a creature to life, but horrified by its monstrous appearance, he rejects and abandons it. The creature, in turn, faces rejection and isolation from society, leading to tragic consequences. "Frankenstein" is often considered one of the earliest examples of science fiction and gothic literature, exploring themes of morality, the consequences of playing god, and the impact of societal rejection. Mary Shelley's work has had a profound influence on popular culture, and the character of Frankenstein's monster has become an iconic figure in horror literature.

With the Lens of cultural studies:

Analyzing "Frankenstein" through the lens of cultural studies reveals its multifaceted relevance and impact on various cultural, social, and political dimensions.

Revolutionary Births:

The novel's themes of creation and rebellion align with the revolutionary spirit of its time. The ever-changing interpretations of "Frankenstein" reflect its adaptability to different cultural contexts, addressing contemporary concerns such as consumerism, genetic engineering, and political cautionary tales.

The enduring presence of Frankenstein in popular culture, from political rhetoric to discussions on scientific advancements, showcases its ability to resonate with and comment on ongoing societal changes.

The Creature as Proletarian:

Mary Shelley's personal experiences and the socio-political climate of her era are embedded in the character of the Creature. The Creature's complexity reflects the author's own struggles and the societal tensions of the time.

The Creature's rejection by society despite its education and good ideas parallels the challenges faced by marginalized groups. It becomes a symbol of the "other," challenging societal norms and expectations.

'A Race of Devils':

The symbolism of the Creature's yellow skin in "Frankenstein" represents broader fears of outsiders and those perceived as different, echoing prejudices prevalent in the 19th century.

The novel engages with the racial and colonial discourse of its time, challenging ideas about superiority and Othering. This perspective offers insights into the social and political implications of the novel.

From Natural Philosophy to Cyborg:

"Frankenstein" remains relevant in the contemporary era of genetic engineering and cloning. The novel's roots in the shift from natural philosophy to biology resonate with ongoing debates about the ethical implications of scientific advancements.

Mary Shelley's exposure to experiments with electricity and discussions on the nature of life influenced the novel. Today, the book's exploration of scientific ambition and its consequences finds parallels in debates surrounding genetic manipulation and reproductive technologies.

In essence, cultural studies provide a comprehensive framework to understand "Frankenstein" not only as a literary work but also as a cultural artifact that reflects and influences societal attitudes, fears, and aspirations across different historical periods. Through this lens, the novel becomes a dynamic and enduring commentary on the intersections of science, power, and societal norms.

Conclusion:

Cultural study in practice reveals the intricate interplay of beliefs, traditions, and behaviors shaping societies. By delving into diverse cultures, we gain invaluable insights into human experiences, fostering empathy, understanding, and a shared global perspective crucial for fostering harmony in an interconnected world.